Understanding Instructional Design Differences In Online Learning

Online education comes with a range of instructional models designed for different learners and goals. Here are some essential terms to help you navigate how courses are built and delivered:

asynchronous online design method icon

Asynchronous Learning

Students work independently, accessing content and completing assignments 100% of the time on their own schedule.

synchronous online design method icon

Synchronous Learning

This involves attending live, scheduled virtual classes—connecting with instructors and peers in real time.

self-paced online design method icon

Self-Paced Learning

Self-paced lets students move through lessons as quickly or slowly as they choose, often with flexible deadlines.

competency-based online design method icon

Competency-Based Learning

This allows students to progress by mastering material, rather than following a set schedule or course length.

project-based online design method icon

Project-Based Learning (PBL)

Builds courses around real-world projects and hands-on problem-solving, making learning practical and meaningful.

adaptive/personalized online design method icon

Adaptive or Personalized Learning

Uses technology to tailor content and pacing to each student’s strengths, challenges, and interests.

flipped-classroom online design method icon

Flipped Classroom

This approach delivers instructional content online, saving live sessions for group discussion, practice, or applied activities.